复杂性文摘 NO：2004.13

Complexity Digest 2004.13

Archive: http://www.comdig.org, European Mirror: http://www.comdig.de Asian
Mirror:
http://www.phil.pku.edu.cn/resguide/comdig/ (Chinese GB-Code) "I think the
next century will be the
century of complexity." Stephen Hawking

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Content:

01. The Cultural Wealth Of Nations, Nature
01.01. Geneticists Study Chimp uman Divergence, Nature
01.02. RNA Finds A Simpler Way, Nature
01.03. Parallel Evolution Is in the Genes, Science
02. Agent-based Model Construction In Financial Economic System, arXiv
03. EU Enlargement And Immigration, J. Common Market Studies
04. Methane Poses Mars Life Puzzle, BBC News Online
05. Quantum Channel Capacities, Science
05.01. Bell's Inequalities and Quantum Communication Complexity, Physical
Review Letters
05.02. Complexity is Elusive, Phys. Rev. Focus
06. Turning Points, From 'Not Wrong' To (Maybe Right), Nature
06.01. Thou Shalt Not Make Scientific Progress, Salon.com
07. Pentagon Attempts To Bend Light To Its Will, Nature
08. Molecular Logic Proposed, Technology Research News
09. Buckminsterfullerenes: A Non-Metal System For Nitrogen Fixation, Nature
09.01. Health Concerns in Nanotechnology, NY Times
10. The Many Roles of Computation in Drug Discovery, Science
10.01. Mosquitoes Could Fight Malaria, Natue Science update
11. Rare Stem Cells Appear To Drive Cancers, Science News
11.01. Cancer: Survival Pathways Meet Their End, Nature
11.02. Cancer: Dangerous Liaisons, Nature
12. How And Why Brains Create Meaning From Sensory Information, Int. J.
Bifur. & Chaos
12.01. The Brain? It's A Jungle in There, NY Times
12.02. Entropy And Complexity Analysis Of Intracranially Recorded EEG, Int.
J. Bifur. & Chaos
12.03. Information Processing In Brain And Behavior, Int. J. Bifur. & Chaos
13. Complexity Of Eye Movements In Reading, Int. J. Bifur. & Chaos
14. A 'Snowball Earth' Climate Triggered By Continental Break-Up, Nature
14.01. On the Cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl, Science
14.02. Society and Sea Level Rise, Science
14.03. Laboratory Earthquakes, Science
15. Identifying the Role that Individual Animals Play in their Social
Network, arXiv
15.01. Sticklebacks Exploit The Most Reliable Source When Public And
Private Information Conflict,
Alphagalileo & Proc. Biol. Sc.
15.02. Self-organization of Collaboration Networks, arXiv
15.03. Networks, Fields, and Organizations: Micro-Dynamics, Scale and
Cohesive Embeddings, SFI
Working Papers
16. Adaptations For Nothing In Particular, J. Theor. Social Behav.
16.01. What Happened To The "Social" In Social Psychology?, J. Theor.
Social Behav.
17. L.A. Sheriff Frees Inmates, Cites Budget, NPR ATC
18. A 21st-Century Protest, The Guardian
19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
19.01. Europe, U.S. Diverge on How to Fight Terrorism, Washington Post
19.02. Analysis: Politics Played a Role in Sept. 11 Attacks, NPR ATC
19.03. Clarke's Contradictions, The Washington Times
19.04. Bush's War -- Against Richard Clarke, Salon.com
20. Links & Snippets
20.01. Other Publications
20.02. Webcast Announcements
20.03. Conference & Call for Papers Announcements
20.03.01. Strategic Thinking in a Complex World, Smithsonian Resident
Associates Program

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01. The Cultural Wealth Of Nations , Nature

Excerpts: Why, when the human race shows comparatively little genetic
variation, are cultural
differences so widespread and enduring? Thinking about cultures in terms of
biological species
provides some provocative answers. (...)

Just as species carry genetic adaptations to their environments,we believe
that cultural
adaptations have evolved in response to social life, and that such
adaptations work to maintain
cultural identity and coherence.Like species that do not interbreed, human
cultures are
surprisingly resistant to influences from other cultures and often act as
barriers to gene flow.

* The Cultural Wealth Of Nations, Mark Pagel , Ruth Mace , 04/03/18, DOI:
10.1038/428275a, Nature
428, 275 - 278


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01.01. Geneticists Study Chimp uman Divergence , Nature

Excerpts: Scientists combing the draft of the chimpanzee genome sequence
are finding tantalizing
hints about the differences between humans and our closest relatives. (...)

Researchers (...), for example, are working on genes that encode enzymes
called proteases. These
genes are almost identical in humans and chimps except for one subset,
found in the immune system,
that varies greatly between the two species. (...)
They could also explain why chimps are less severely affected than humans
by AIDS or Alzheimer's
disease, and might lead to treatments for such conditions.

* Geneticists Study Chimp uman Divergence, Erika Check , 04/03/18, DOI:
10.1038/428242a, Nature
428, 242


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01.02. RNA Finds A Simpler Way , Nature

Excerpts: Is there no end to the versatility of RNA? The latest feat to be
revealed is RNA's
ability to switch off genes through a neatly straightforward mechanism. So
it isn't only proteins
that can repress gene activity.

Organisms profit from synthesizing only those enzymes whose products are in
demand. (...) A
standard textbook mechanism by which this is achieved is repression. (...)
describe a bacterial
gene-regulation system with a twist. The repressor is not a protein, but
instead is a switchable
(on ff) self-cleavage element within the mRNA itself.

* RNA Finds A Simpler Way, Thomas R. Cech , 04/03/18, DOI: 10.1038/428263a,
Nature 428, 263 - 264


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01.03. Parallel Evolution Is in the Genes , Science

Excerpts: The pages of any bird guide reveal a spectacular diversity of
colors and color patterns.
Although color patterns vary within species, often they also distinguish
closely related species.
Variations in color are thought to have evolved through the interplay of
sexual selection and
natural selection. What is less obvious--because the birds are on different
pages of the guide--is
the repeated appearance of similar color patterns among distantly related
species (parallel
evolution).
(...) molecular basis of a similar plumage trait in two very different
arctic birds.

* Parallel Evolution Is in the Genes, Hopi E. Hoekstra  , Trevor Price ,
04/03/19, DOI:
10.1126/science.1096413, Science 1779-1781


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02. Agent-based Model Construction In Financial Economic System , arXiv

Abstract: The paper gives picture of enrichment to economic and financial
system analysis using
agent-based models as a form of advanced study for financial economic data
post-statistical-data
analysis and micro-simulation analysis. Theoretical exploration is carried
out by using comparisons
of some usual financial economy system models frequently and popularly used
in econophysics and
computational finance. Primitive model, which consists of agent
microsimulation with fundamentalist
strategy, chartist, and noise, was established with an expectation of
adjusting micro-simulation
analysis upon stock market in Indonesia. The result of simulation showing
how financial economy
data resulted analysis using statistical tools such as data distribution
and central limit theorem,
and several other macro-financial analysis tools previously shown
(Situngkir & Surya, 2003b). This
paper is ended with several further possible advancements from the model built.

* Agent-based Model Construction In Financial Economic System, Hokky
Situngkir , Yohanes Surya ,
2004-03-21, DOI: nlin.AO/0403041, arXiv
* Contributed by Carlos Gershenson


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03. EU Enlargement And Immigration , J. Common Market Studies

Abstract: This article assesses the consequences of EU enlargement for
east-west migration. It is
argued that expectations on future economic, social and political variables
are crucial for
immediate immigration. Specifically, if EU membership is refused, fear of
future restrictions on
immigration will lead to increased current migration. Moreover, EU
accession is likely to reduce
income gaps between the accession countries and the current Member States
reducing the incentives
to emigrate. We conclude that granting EU accession to eastern European
countries will not
necessarily induce massive east-west migration flows

* EU Enlargement And Immigration, M. Kraus  , R. Schwager , Mar. 2004,
Journal of Common Market
Studies
* Contributed by Pritha Das


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04. Methane Poses Mars Life Puzzle , BBC News Online

Excerpts: Methane has been found in the Martian atmosphere, which
scientists say could be a sign of
present-day life on Mars.

It was detected by telescopes on Earth and has recently been confirmed by
instruments onboard the
European Space Agency's orbiting Mars Express craft.

Methane lives for a short time in the Martian atmosphere so it must be
being constantly
replenished.

There are two possible ways to do this. Either active volcanoes, but none
have yet been found on
Mars, or microbes.

* Methane Poses Mars Life Puzzle, David Whitehouse  , 04/03/29, BBC News Online


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05. Quantum Channel Capacities , Science

Summary: Virtually all of today's information technology is based on the
manipulation of classical
bits. Quantum systems offer the potential of a much more powerful computing
technology, however. In
their Perspective, Bennett and Shor discuss an important aspect of quantum
computing--the
theoretical capacity of a quantum information channel. Although a number of
concepts can be carried
over from classical information theory, quantum systems have their own
unusual properties.
Recently, researchers have been able to show that these unique quantum
aspects can provide much
higher information flow than previously expected.

* Quantum Channel Capacities, Charles H. Bennett  , Peter W. Shor ,
04/03/19, DOI:
10.1126/science.1092381, Science 1784-1787


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05.01. Bell's Inequalities and Quantum Communication Complexity , Physical
Review Letters

Abstract: We prove that for every Bell's inequality, including those which
are not yet known, there
always exists a communication complexity problem, for which a protocol
assisted by states which
violate the inequality is more efficient than any classical protocol.
Violation of Bell's
inequalities is the necessary and sufficient condition for quantum protocol
to beat the classical
ones

* Bell's Inequalities and Quantum Communication Complexity, Caslav Brukner
, Marek Zukowsk ,
Jian-Wei Pan , Anton Zeilinger  , 04/03/26, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 127901 (2004)


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05.02. Complexity is Elusive , Phys. Rev. Focus

Excerpt: The researchers found that for some rules, the low-res version
behaved simply and
predictably, even when the high-res version was computationally irreducible
and therefore
unpredictable. In other words, the complexity was only in the unimportant
details. Goldenfeld
concludes that if you only need approximate results, they are predictable
in many complex problems,
and "computational irreducibility is not the right way to measure complexity."
Wolfram says the "nice, small paper" is useful, if not very surprising. The
interesting issue, he
says, is "under what circumstances will large-scale rules emerge" that
allow a simple, predictable
description of a complex phenomenon.

* Complexity is Elusive, Don Monroe , 04/03/04, Phys. Rev. Focus


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06. Turning Points, From 'Not Wrong' To (Maybe Right) , Nature

Excerpts: When I tried to write up our work for publication, there was a
certain feeling of
unreality and embarrassment about the complexity and arbitrariness of what
we had come up
with.(...)
We put aside the ot wrong?complicated models with spontaneous supersymmetry
breaking,and wrote a
short paper that,taken literally (with unbroken supersymmetry), was wrong.
But it presented a
result that was so straightforward and successful that it made the idea of
putting gauge symmetry
and supersymmetry unification together seem (maybe) right.We put offthe
problem ofhow supersymmetry
gets broken.

* Turning Points, From 'Not Wrong' To (Maybe Right), Frank Wilczek  ,
04/03/18, DOI:
10.1038/428261a, Nature 428, 261


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06.01. Thou Shalt Not Make Scientific Progress , Salon.com

Excerpts: Supporters of the president often point out that private funds
can still be used to
conduct research on embryonic stem cells, and valuable research is in fact
going on at biotech
firms. But the work is much impeded without the help of the federal
government. "Frankly, from a
selfish, capitalistic perspective, we're thrilled as can be that we get to
hold all the patents and
we don' have to pay royalties to Harvard or MIT," says Michael West, of
Advanced Cell Technology.

* Thou Shalt Not Make Scientific Progress, Farhad Manjoo , 04/03/25, Salon.com


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07. Pentagon Attempts To Bend Light To Its Will , Nature

Excerpts: Negative refraction bends light in an unusual way.

Although some physicists were sceptical about the results (see Nature 420,
119?20; 2002),
subsequent experiments have led most to accept the finding, says John
Pendry, a physicist at
Imperial College in London who works on negatively refracting materials.
For example, George
Eleftheriades and Anthony Grbic, physicists at the University of Toronto,
have recently created a
microwave lens from a negatively refracting structure (G. Eleftheriades and
A. Grbic Phys. Rev.
Lett. in the press).


Browning says that such advances convince her that the effect is real. But
she still has questions
about how the materials work. For example, some predict that the structures
will amplify light
waves that are normally dissipated by glass optics. If true, the material
could make lenses that
are more powerful than any possible with conventional optics. "But we're
still unsure of the
physics," Browning adds.

* Pentagon Attempts To Bend Light To Its Will, Geoff Brumfiel , 04/03/18,
DOI: 10.1038/428245a,
Nature428, 245


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08. Molecular Logic Proposed , Technology Research News

Excerpts:


This diagram shows a benzene molecule configured as an XOR logic gate. Each
sphere represents an
atom. The red and dark blue spheres represent the molecule's side groups,
which can be rotated to
change the molecule's electrical conductance. The green shapes are electrodes.



The scheme could eventually be used to produce small, fast computers and to
store large amounts of
data in very small spaces. The method could also be modified to make
sensors for detecting
individual molecules.

The researchers' plan calls for connecting a pair of benzene molecules to
two gold electrodes. The
molecules contain nitrogen-oxygen side groups whose rotational positions
can represent the 1s and
0s of computer information.

* Molecular Logic Proposed, Eric Smalley  , 04/03/24, Technology Research News


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09. Buckminsterfullerenes: A Non-Metal System For Nitrogen Fixation , Nature

Abstract: In all nitrogen-fixation processes known so far ?including the
industrial Haber osch
process, biological fixation by nitrogenase enzymes and previously
described homogeneous synthetic
systems ?the direct transformation of the stable, inert dinitrogen molecule
(N2) into ammonia
(NH3) relies on the powerful redox properties of metals. Here we show that
nitrogen fixation can
also be achieved by using a non-metallic buckminsterfullerene (C60)
molecule, in the form of a
water-soluble C60:-cyclodextrin (1:2) complex, and light under nitrogen at
atmospheric pressure.
This metal-free system efficiently fixes nitrogen under mild conditions by
making use of the redox
properties of the fullerene derivative.

* Buckminsterfullerenes: A Non-Metal System For Nitrogen Fixation,
04/03/18, DOI: 10.1038/428279b,
Nature428, 279 - 280


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09.01. Health Concerns in Nanotechnology , NY Times

Excerpts: Buckyballs, a spherical form of carbon discovered in 1985 and an
important material in
the new field of nanotechnology, can cause extensive brain damage in fish,
(...).

(...) buckyballs also altered the behavior of genes in liver cells of the
juvenile largemouth bass
she studied.
  such particles can enter the brain. The fish studies, however, were the
first to indicate
destruction of lipid cells, the most common form of brain tissue. (...)
(...) had not been coated, (...) limit the toxicity of such materials (...).

* Health Concerns in Nanotechnology, Barnaby J. Feder , 04/03/29, NY Times


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10. The Many Roles of Computation in Drug Discovery , Science

Excerpts: First, it is the rare case today when an unmodified natural
product like taxol becomes a
drug. It is also inconceivable that a human with or without computational
tools could propose a
single chemical structure that ends up as a drug; there are far too many
hurdles and subtleties
along the way. Most drugs now arise through discovery programs that begin
with identification of a
biomolecular target of potential therapeutic value through biological
studies including, for
example, analysis of mice with gene knockouts.

* The Many Roles of Computation in Drug Discovery, William L. Jorgensen ,
04/03/19, Science
1813-1818


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10.01. Mosquitoes Could Fight Malaria , Natue Science update

Excerpts: Researchers have identified genes that control the way mosquitoes
respond to the malaria
parasite. Their discovery could aid the development of anti-malarial
strategies by using a
mosquito's own immune system to curb the disease.

The parasite that causes malaria, known as Plasmodium, usually goes
unnoticed by the mosquito in
which it grows. But if the insect was tweaked to detect and attack the
intruder, the mosquito would
destroy the parasite before it has a chance to spread to humans.

* Mosquitoes Could Fight Malaria, Helen R. Pilcher , 04/03/26, Nature
Science Update


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11. Rare Stem Cells Appear To Drive Cancers , Science News

Excerpts: Why are many brain tumors and other cancers so difficult to treat?

For decades, cancer researchers have wrestled with two competing visions of
tumors. In one
scenario, all the cells of a tumor are pretty much the same. That is, they
have an equal capacity
to divide and form new tumors.

In the other scenario, only a few select cells from a tumor have the
capacity to initiate new,
full-fledged tumors. These bad seeds are the cancer stem cells.

* Rare Stem Cells Appear To Drive Cancers, John Travis,  , 04/03/20,
Science News, Vol. 165, No.
12, p. 184.


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11.01. Cancer: Survival Pathways Meet Their End , Nature

Excerpts: Conventional chemotherapeutic approaches to treating tumours can
be hit-and-miss. One way
to ensure successful treatment may be to go for the jugular of cancer-cell
survival signalling as
well.

Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs designed to induce cancer cells to commit
suicide. So why don't
all tumours succumb to these drugs? The answer is that cancer cells have an
inbuilt urge to
survive, so any genetic change that favours survival amidst adverse
conditions will be selected
for. (...) targeting specific molecules will impart sensi-tivity to
chemotherapy ?a combinatorial
approach.

* Cancer: Survival Pathways Meet Their End, Frank Mccormick  , 04/03/18,
DOI: 10.1038/428267a,
Nature 428, 267 - 269


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11.02. Cancer: Dangerous Liaisons , Nature

Excerpts: The cells of multicellular organisms are highly communicative and
so can strongly
influence one another  behaviour. One line of communication is particularly
important in keeping
cell growth in check. A single cell destined to become a tissue or an
organism can  go it alone
(...).Communication,in the form ofdirect contacts between cells,
interactions between cells and
their surroundings, or the transmission of biochemical signals, is
essential. Unravelling these
networks ofcommunication has provided gainful employment for biologists,
geneticists and
mathematicians in their quest to understand how the body forms.

* Cancer: Dangerous Liaisons, Allan Balmain , Rosemary J. Akhurst ,
04/03/18, DOI: 10.1038/428271a,
Nature428, 271 - 272


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12. How And Why Brains Create Meaning From Sensory Information , Int. J.
Bifur. & Chaos

Abstract: Semantics is the essence of human communication. Information
technology is faced with the
problem of using intelligent machines as intermediaries for interpersonal
communication. The
problem (...) has been intractable because brains and machines work on very
different principles.
Machines process information that is fed to them. Brains construct
hypotheses and test them by
acting and sensing. Brains sample information, hold it briefly, construct
meaning, and then discard
the information. A solution (...) is to simulate how brains create meaning
and express it as
information by making a symbol to represent the meaning to another brain in
pairwise communication.

* How And Why Brains Create Meaning From Sensory Information, W. J. Freeman
wfreeman@socrates.berkeley.edu , Feb. 2004, DOI: 10.1142/S0218127404009405,
International Journal
of Bifurcation and Chaos
* Contributed by Atin Das


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12.01. The Brain? It's A Jungle in There , NY Times

Excerpts: Dr. Edelman calls his theory "neural Darwinism." He believes that
what organizes the
brain is precisely what led to the organization of the eye ?or the
evolution of species. It is
also the process he found at work in immunology: he showed that the body
produces the precise
antibody required not by manufacturing it according to a specific set of
rules, but by making
available an incredible diversity of material from which the appropriate
antibody is selected.

The brain develops in a similar way, (...).

* The Brain? It's A Jungle in There, Edward Rothstein , 04/03/27, NY Times


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12.02. Entropy And Complexity Analysis Of Intracranially Recorded EEG ,
Int. J. Bifur. & Chaos

Abstract: We present an entropy and complexity analysis of intracranially
recorded EEG from
patients suffering from a left frontal lobe epilepsy. Our approach is based
on symbolic dynamics
and Shannon entropy. In particular, we will discuss the possibility to
monitor long-term dynamical
changes in brain electrical activity. This might offer an alternative
approach for the analysis and
more fundamental understanding of human epilepsies.

* Entropy And Complexity Analysis Of Intracranially Recorded EEG, R. Steuer
steuer@agnld.uni-potsdam.de , W. Ebeling  , T. Bengner  , C. Dehnicke  , H.
H tig  , H.-J. Meencke
, Feb. 2004, DOI: 10.1142/S021812740400948X, International Journal of
Bifurcation and Chaos
* Contributed by Atin Das


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12.03. Information Processing In Brain And Behavior , Int. J. Bifur. & Chaos

Abstract: We discuss a notion of information processing in brain and
behavioral dynamics, in
particular the processing of meaningful information, which is testable by
means of an experimental
coordination and transition paradigm. Two hypotheses on the existence and
persistence of mappings
between the dynamics of behavioral and brain signals are formulated. A
mathematical foundation for
the first hypothesis is suggested (...). Brain signals are captured as
cortical currents, as well
as the resulting scalp topographies, such as electroencephalograms (EEG)
and magnetoencephalograms
(MEG). Experimental evidence is provided to support the hypothesis on the
existence of such
spatiotemporal mappings between behavioral and brain signals.

* Information Processing In Brain And Behavior Displayed In Large-Scale
Scalp Topographies Such As
EEG And MEG, V. K. Jirsa jirsa@walt.ccs.fau.edu , Feb. 2004, DOI:
10.1142/S0218127404009375,
International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos
* Contributed by Atin Das


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13. Complexity Of Eye Movements In Reading , Int. J. Bifur. & Chaos

Abstract: During reading, our eyes perform complicated sequences of
fixations on words. Stochastic
models of eye movement control suggest that this seemingly erratic behavior
can be attributed to
noise in the oculomotor system and random fluctuations in lexical
processing. Here, we present a
qualitative analysis of a recently published dynamical mode and propose
that deterministic
nonlinear control accounts for much of the observed complexity of eye
movement patterns during
reading. Based on a symbolic coding technique we analyze robust statistical
features of simulated
fixation sequences.

* Complexity Of Eye Movements In Reading, R. Engbert  , R. Kliegl  , A.
Longtin , Feb. 2004, DOI:
10.1142/S0218127404009491, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos
* Contributed by Atin Das


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14. A 'Snowball Earth' Climate Triggered By Continental Break-Up , Nature

Excerpts: Geological and palaeomagnetic studies indicate that ice sheets
may have reached the
Equator at the end of the Proterozoic eon, 800 to 550 million years ago,
leading to the suggestion
of a fully ice-covered 'snowball Earth'. Climate model simulations indicate
that such a snowball
state for the Earth depends on anomalously low atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentrations, in
addition to the Sun being 6 per cent fainter than it is today. (...) This
indicates that tectonic
changes could have triggered a progressive transition from a 'greenhouse'
to an 'icehouse' (...).

* A 'Snowball Earth' Climate Triggered By Continental Break-Up, Yannick
Donnadieu , Yves Godd is ,
Gilles Ramstein , Anne N ec , Joseph Meert  , 04/03/18, DOI:
10.1038/nature02408, Nature 428,
303 - 306


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14.01. On the Cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl , Science

Abstract: During the 1930s, the United States experienced one of the most
devastating droughts of
the past century. The drought affected almost two-thirds of the country and
parts of Mexico and
Canada and was infamous for the numerous dust storms that occurred in the
southern Great Plains. In
this study, we present model results that indicate that the drought was
caused by anomalous
tropical sea surface temperatures during that decade and that interactions
between the atmosphere
and the land surface increased its severity. We also contrast the 1930s
drought with other North
American droughts of the 20th century.

* On the Cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl, Siegfried D. Schubert , Max J.
Suarez , Philip J. Pegion ,
Randal D. Koster , Julio T. Bacmeister
  , 04/03/19, DOI: 10.1126/science.1095048, Science 1855-1859.


_________________________________________________________________

14.02. Society and Sea Level Rise , Science

Excerpts: Most of the world's shorelines are in a state of erosion. The
only major exceptions are
areas of high sediment supply, (...). Many developed nations have
experienced a four-decade rush to
the shore, with concomitant beachfront development and exponentially
increasing total values for
beachfront real estate, infrastructure, and buildings. That this
unprecedented accelerating coastal
development has unfortunately coincided with a century of accelerating
global sea level rise (SLR)
means that the prediction of the future rate of shoreline retreat has
become a major societal
priority.

* Society and Sea Level Rise, Orrin H. Pilkey  , J. Andrew G. Cooper
  , 04/03/19, Science 1781-1782


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14.03. Laboratory Earthquakes , Science

Excerpts: We report on the experimental observation of spontaneously
nucleated supershear rupture
and on the visualization of sub-Rayleigh o upershear rupture transitions in
frictionally held
interfaces. The laboratory experiments mimic natural earthquakes. The
results suggest that under
certain conditions supershear rupture propagation can be facilitated during
large earthquake
events.

Whether and how supershear rupture occurs during earthquakes has important
implications for seismic
hazards, because the rupture speed influences the character of near-field
ground motions.

To answer the above-stated questions, we conducted experiments that mimic
the earthquake rupture
processes.

* Laboratory Earthquakes, Kaiwen Xia , Ares J. Rosakis , Hiroo Kanamori ,
04/03/19, Science
1859-1861


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15. Identifying the Role that Individual Animals Play in their Social
Network , arXiv

Abstract: Techniques recently developed for the analysis of human social
networks are applied to
the social network of bottlenose dolphins living in Doubtful Sound, New
Zealand. We identify
communities and subcommunities within the dolphin population and present
evidence that sex- and
age-related homophily play a role in the formation of clusters of preferred
companionship. We also
identify brokers who act as links between subcommunities and who appear to
be crucial to the social
cohesion of the population as a whole. The network is found to be similar
to human social networks
in some respects but different in some others such as the level of
assortative mixing by degree
within the population. This difference elucidates some of the means by
which the network formed and
evolves.

* Identifying the Role that Individual Animals Play in their Social
Network, David Lusseau , M.E.J.
Newman , 2004-03-20, DOI: q-bio.PE/0403029, arXiv
* Contributed by Carlos Gershenson


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15.01. Sticklebacks Exploit The Most Reliable Source When Public And
Private Information Conflict ,
Alphagalileo & Proc. Biol. Sc.

Abstract: Hitherto, little attention has been given to the circumstances
under which animals rely
on their own experience and when they copy others. This study presented
nine-spined sticklebacks
with conflicting private and public information about the profitability of
two foraging patches and
then tested the fish for a patch preference. The findings suggest that
sticklebacks flexibly adjust
their decision making to exploit the most reliable information available.
Fish preferentially based
their decisions on personal information when it was clear and consistent
(...), but switched to
copying others when their personal information was unclear or outdated.

* Nine-Spined Sticklebacks Exploit The Most Reliable Source When Public And
Private Information
Conflict, Y. C. H. Bergen  , I. Coolen  , K. N. Laland , 2004/03/23,
Alphagalileo & Proceedings
Biological Sciences
* Contributed by Atin Das


_________________________________________________________________

15.02. Self-organization of Collaboration Networks , arXiv

Abstract: We study collaboration networks in terms of evolving,
self-organizing bipartite graph
models. We propose a model of a growing network, which combines
preferential edge attachment with
the bipartite structure, generic for collaboration networks. The model
depends exclusively on basic
properties of the network, such as the total number of collaborators and
acts of collaboration, the
mean size of collaborations, etc. The simplest model defined within this
framework already allows
us to describe many of the main topological characteristics (degree
distribution, clustering
coefficient, etc.) of one-mode projections of several real collaboration
networks, without
parameter fitting. We explain the observed dependence of the local
clustering on degree and the
degree--degree correlations in terms of the ``aging'' of collaborators and
their physical
impossibility to participate in an unlimited number of collaborations.

* Self-organization of Collaboration Networks, Jose J. Ramasco , S. N.
Dorogovtsev , Romualdo
Pastor-Satorras , 2004-03-17, DOI: cond-mat/0403438, arXiv
* Contributed by Carlos Gershenson


_________________________________________________________________

15.03. Networks, Fields, and Organizations: Micro-Dynamics, Scale and
Cohesive Embeddings , SFI
Working Papers

Abstract: Social action is situated in fields that are simultaneously
composed of interpersonal
ties and relations among organizations, which are both usefully
characterized as social networks.
We introduce a novel approach to distinguishing different network
macro-structures in terms of
cohesive subsets and their overlaps. We develop a vocabulary that relates
different forms of
network cohesion to field properties as opposed to organizational
constraints on ties and
structures. We illustrate differences in probabilistic attachment processes
in network evolution
that link on the one hand to organizational constraints versus field
properties and to cohesive
network topologies on the other. This allows us to identify a set of
important new micro-macro
linkages between local behavior in networks and global network properties.
The analytic strategy
thus puts in place a methodology for Predictive Social Cohesion theory to
be developed and tested
in the context of informal and formal organizations and organizational
fields. We also show how
organizations and fields combine at different scales of cohesive depth and
cohesive breadth.
Operational measures and results are illustrated for three organizational
examples, and analysis of
these cases suggests that different structures of cohesive subsets and
overlaps may be predictive
in organizational contexts and, similarly, for the larger fields in which
they are embedded, and
for predictions of feedback from the field context back to organizations.

* Networks, Fields, and Organizations: Micro-Dynamics, Scale and Cohesive
Embeddings, Douglas R.
White , Jason Owen-Smith , James Moody , Walter W. Powell , DOI: SFI-WP
04-03-009, SFI Working
Papers
* Contributed by Carlos Gershenson


_________________________________________________________________

16. Adaptations For Nothing In Particular , J. Theor. Social Behav.

Abstract: An element of the contemporary dispute amongst evolution minded
psychologists and social
scientists hinges on the conception of mind as being adapted as opposed to
adaptive. This dispute
is not trivial. The possibility that human minds are both adapted and
adaptive courtesy of
selection pressures that were social in nature is of particular (...). I
suggest that the notion of
an evolved psychological adaptation in social psychology can be retained
only if it is accepted
that this adaptation is for social interaction and has no rigidly fixed
function and cannot be
described in terms of algorithmic decision rules or fixed inferential
procedures.

* Adaptations For Nothing In Particular, S. J. Hampton , Mar. 2004, Journal
for the Theory of
Social Behaviour
* Contributed by Pritha Das


_________________________________________________________________

16.01. What Happened To The "Social" In Social Psychology? , J. Theor.
Social Behav.

Abstract: This article describes the historical abandonment of the
distinctive conception of the
social dimensions of cognition, emotion and behavior embraced by American
social psychologists in
the early decades of the twentieth century. It is suggested that part of
the reason why the
original conception of the social was abandoned by American psychologists
was because of its
association with theories of the "group mind," (...). It is suggested that
while these factors
partly explain the neglect of the social in American social psychology,
none represent particularly
good reasons for abandoning the original conception of the social.

* What Happened To The "Social" In Social Psychology?, J. D. Greenwood ,
Mar. 2004, Journal for the
Theory of Social Behaviour
* Contributed by Pritha Das


_________________________________________________________________

17. L.A. Sheriff Frees Inmates, Cites Budget , NPR ATC

Excerpts: The Los Angeles County sheriff has released thousands of jail
inmates in the past year,
long before they finished serving their sentences. Sheriff Lee Baca says
budget cuts made him do it
-- otherwise, he'd have to take some patrolling deputies off the streets.
NPR's Mandalit del Barco
reports.

* L.A. Sheriff Frees Inmates, Cites Budget, 04/03/26, NPR ATC


_________________________________________________________________

18. A 21st-Century Protest , The Guardian

Excerpts: It spread first across the city and then the country, multiplying
itself through mobile
phones, emails and the internet. (...)
 From 6pm the day before, until long into the evening, 5,000 people
gathered in the Spanish captial
to vent their anger at what they saw as a deliberate government cover-up
regarding the perpetrators
of the recent bombings.(...)
Most remarkable of all, the protests were organised in just a few hours,
via text message and
email, by a disillusioned electorate that had decided to take matters into
their own hands.

* A 21st-Century Protest, Andrew Losowsky reports , 04/03/25, The Guardian


_________________________________________________________________

19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks





_________________________________________________________________

19.01. Europe, U.S. Diverge on How to Fight Terrorism , Washington Post

Excerpts: "Europe is not at war," (...). "We have to energetically oppose
terrorism, but we mustn't
change the way we live."

Between those two declarations lies a gap that reflects the different
modern histories, cultures
and approaches to terrorism of the United States and Europe, according to
politicians and analysts
on the continent. (...)
At a summit that ended Friday, EU leaders announced several measures
designed to increase
cooperation among their police forces and intelligence services. But the
attacks have not led to a
fundamental shift in Europe's approach.

* Europe, U.S. Diverge on How to Fight Terrorism, Glenn Frankel , 04/03/28,
Washington Post Page
A15



_________________________________________________________________

19.02. Analysis: Politics Played a Role in Sept. 11 Attacks , NPR ATC

Excerpts: NPR's Mike Shuster reports that despite all the missed signals,
poor intelligence and
lousy communication between counter-terrorist agencies, politics did play a
role in early 2001 in
the inability of the U.S. government to anticipate al Qaeda attacks in the
United States. Testimony
before the commission investigating the government's actions before and
after the Sept. 11, 2001
attacks paints a picture of an incoming Bush administration unwilling to
see the threat from al
Qaeda as urgently as the outgoing Clinton administration did.
Editor's Note: Much of the current public terrorist discussion is not so
much about how to prevent
future terrorist attacks but much more about the public perceived reality
of the events related to
9/11. There is certainly immense evolutionary pressure on the two political
parties in the U.S. to
spin reality in a way favorable to partisan interests. On the other hand
one can claim (using the
demise of the Soviet Union as a recent historical example) that the
divergence of omposed
realities?compared to the observed ones can act as a critical parameter
that can destabilize the
overall political system.

* Analysis: Politics Played a Role in Sept. 11 Attacks, 04/03/26, NPR ATC


_________________________________________________________________

19.03. Clarke's Contradictions , The Washington Times

Excerpts: Mr. Clarke said that from Oct. 1998 until Dec. 2000, the National
Security Council in the
Clinton administration failed to make any new recommendations on how to
deal with the burgeoning al
Qaeda threat. By contrast, in the summer of 2001, Mr. Clarke said, the Bush
administration changed
U.S. policy from the "rollback of al Qaeda over the course of five years"
to its elimination. All
of these points, however, are ignored or glossed over in his new book
?which depicts the
administration as laggards in dealing with the al Qaeda terrorist threat.

* Clarke's Contradictions, The Washington Times  , 04/03/26, Contributed by
T. Irene Sanders



_________________________________________________________________

19.04. Bush's War -- Against Richard Clarke , Salon.com

Excerpts: The controversy raging around Richard Clarke's book -- and his
testimony before the 9/11
Commission that Bush ignored warnings about terrorism that might have
prevented the attacks --
revolves around his singularly unimpeachable credibility. In response, the
Bush administration has
launched a full-scale offensive against him: impugning his personal
motives, claiming he is a
disappointed job-hunter, that he is publicity mad, a political partisan
(Clarke, in fact, voted for
Republican Sen. John McCain for president in the Republican primaries in
2000) -- as well as
ignorant, irrelevant and a liar.

* Bush's War -- Against Richard Clarke, Sidney Blumenthal , 04/03/25, Salon.com


_________________________________________________________________

20. Links & Snippets





_________________________________________________________________

20.01. Other Publications



- Disguising Adult Neural Stem Cells, Sribunruangrit N.  , Marque C.  ,
Lenay C.  , Hanneton S.  ,
Gapenne O.  , Vanhoutte C. , online 2004/01/20, Current Opinion in
Neurobiology, DOI:
10.1016/j.conb.2004.01.008
- Memory And A Priori Best Strategy In Complex Adaptive Systems, M. Quito
Jr.  , C. Monterola  , C.
Saloma csaloma@nip.upd.edu.ph , Online:2004/03/23, Complexity, DOI:
10.1002/cplx.20008
- Simulated Electrocortical Activity At Microscopic, Mesoscopic And Global
Scales, J. J. Wright
jjw@mhri.edu.au , C. J. Rennie  , G. J. Lees  , P. A. Robinson  , P. D.
Bourke  , C. L. Chapman  ,
E. Gordon  , D. L. Rowe , Feb. 2004, International Journal of Bifurcation
and Chaos, DOI:
10.1142/S0218127404009569
- Attention-Locked Computation With Chaotic Neural Nets, C. Louren  , Feb.
2004, International
Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, DOI: 10.1142/S0218127404009442
- Penguin-Mounted Cameras Glimpse Underwater Group Behaviour, A.
Takahashi  , K. Sato  , Y. Naito
, M. J. Dunn  , P. N. Trathan  , J. P. Croxall , 2004/03/23, Alphagalileo &
Biology Letters
- Four Kingdoms On Glacier Ice: Convergent Energetic Processes Boost Energy
Levels As Temperatures
Fall, M. J. Napolitano  , D. H. Shain , 2004/03/23, Alphagalileo & Biology
Letters
- Artist And Scientists Create A "Walk-In Brain", J. Bealing
j.a.bealing@sussex.ac.uk , 2004/03/24,
Alphagalileo
- Once Bitten, Twice Shy, Y. van Bergen y.vanbergen@lancaster.ac.uk ,
2004/03/24, Alphagalileo
- A Little Music With Exercise Boosts Brain Power, Study Suggests,
2004/03/24, ScienceDaily & Ohio
State University
- Human Studies Show Feasibility Of Brain-machine Interfaces, 2004/03/24,
ScienceDaily & Duke
University Medical Center
- Big Cats Need Cat Food: New Model Directly Links Tiger Numbers To Amount
Of Prey, Study Says,
2004/03/25, ScienceDaily & Wildlife Conservation Society
- A Noisy Self-Organizing Neural Network With Bifurcation Dynamics For
Combinatorial Optimization,
Kwok, T.  , Smith, K. A. , Jan. 2004, Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on
- Communicating With The Uncommunicative: Music Therapy With Pre-Verbal
Adults, J. Graham , Mar.
2004, British Journal of Learning Disabilities
- Cognition And Emotion? The Dead End In Self-Esteem Research, T. J.
Scheff  , D. S. Fearon , Mar.
2004, Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour
- Epidemiology Through Cellular Automata, Situngkir, Hokky , 2004-03-17,
Cogprints
- Education and Racial Inequality in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Malcolm
Keswell , SFI Working
Papers, DOI: SFI-WP 04-02-008
- Spin-Glass Complexity, A. Crisanti , L. Leuzzi , G. Parisi , T. Rizzo ,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 92,
127203 (2004), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.127203
- Maths 'Nobel' Awarded, Mark Peplow
, 04/03/26, Pair get prize for formula that counts solutions to problems.
- Cortical Activity Reductions During Repetition Priming Can Result From
Rapid Response Learning,
Ian G. Dobbins , David M. Schnyer , Mieke Verfaellie , Daniel L.
Schacter  , 04/03/18, Nature 428,
316 - 319, DOI: 10.1038/nature02400
- A Molecular Elevator, Jovica D. Badjic , Vincenzo Balzani , Alberto Credi
, Serena Silvi , J.
Fraser Stoddart

, Science 19 March 2004: 1845-1849.
- Electrical or Photocontrol of the Rotary Motion of a Metallacarborane, M.
Frederick Hawthorne ,
Jeffrey I. Zink , Johnny M. Skelton , Michael J. Bayer , Chris Liu , Ester
Livshits , Roi Baer ,
Daniel Neuhauser

, Science 19 March 2004: 1849-1851
- Comparative Losses of British Butterflies, Birds, and Plants and the
Global Extinction Crisis, J.
A. Thomas , M. G. Telfer , D. B. Roy , C. D. Preston , J. J. D. Greenwood ,
J. Asher , R. Fox , R.
T. Clarke , J. H. Lawton

, Science 19 March 2004: 1879-1881.
- Biochemistry:Water Photolysis in Biology, A. W. Rutherford , A. Boussac
  , Science 19 March 2004: 1782-1784
- Academy, GAO to Study Possible Robotic Hubble Mission, Andrew Lawler
, Science 19 March 2004: 1745
- Particle Physics:Gamma Rays Spotlight a Dark Horse for Dark Matter,
Charles Seife
  , Science 19 March 2004: 1746
- Environment 'Stunts Young Brains', Alex Kirby
  , 04/03/25, BBC News Online
- Radio Search For ET Draws A Blank, David Whitehouse
, BBC News Online
- Digital Paper Makes Device Debut, 04/03/26, BBC News, Soon you could be
reading a book printed on
electronic paper. Sony, Philips and digital paper pioneer E-Ink have
announced an electronic book
reader that is due to go on sale in Japan in late April for $375 (?04).
- World Getting 'Literally Greener', Alex Kirby , 04/03/29, BBC News Online,
http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/39828000/jpg/_39828625_ferns_bruijnzeel_203.jpg

About a third of the world is still covered with forests...
- Clarke's Critique Reopens Debate on Iraq War , Glenn Kessler

, Washington Post Staff Writer
Sunday, March 28, 2004; Page A22
- Europe's Eye on Terrorism , 04/03/28, Washington Post Sunday Page B06
- Voting for Better Voting , 04/03/28, Washington Post Sunday, Page B06
- Hornbills Know Which Monkey Calls To Heed, Hornbills can tell the
difference between two kinds of
alarm calls given by monkeys.



_________________________________________________________________

20.02. Webcast Announcements

   Voices of Public Intellectuals Lecture Series: Democracy's Response to
the Terrorist Threat Now
in its fifth year, the Radcliffe Institute Voices of Public Intellectuals
lecture series brings
issues affecting civic life to a public forum. This year's series of three
lectures features
experts in the study of terrorism and the prosecution of terrorists to
explore the effects of
terrorism on democracy. These lectures take place in Cambridge on February
26, March 4, and March
11 at 4 p.m.  World Economic Forum 2004, Davos, Switzerland   Riding the
Next Democratic Wave,
Al-Thani, Khan, Vike-Freiberga, Wade, Soros, Zakaria, World Economic Forum,
04/01/25  The Future of
Global Interdependence, Kharrazi, Held, Owens, Shourie, Annan, Martin,
Schwab, World Economic
Forum, 04/01/25  Why Victory Against Terrorism Demands Shared Values  The
Process of Curricular
Review: Redefining a World-Class Education, Benedict Gross, Thomas Bender,
Harvard@home, 04/01/21,
Dean of Harvard College Benedict Gross discusses Harvard's first
comprehensive review of the
undergraduate curriculum in almost 3 decades. This program introduces the
process of curricular
review by presenting two segmented lectures. The first, by Dean Gross,
outlines the approach and
considerations in undertaking the current review. The second lecture,
presented by NYU Professor
Thomas Bender, presents a historical perspective on academic
culture.   Cancer Biology , NPR Talk
of the Nation, 04/01/16, How the spread of cancer is like wound healing
gone awry.   Tracking Ebola
, NPR Talk of the Nation, 04/01/16, A new study might help scientists
predict where Ebola may!
strike next.   Animal Thought and Communication, NPR Talk of the Nation,
04/01/16, How do animals
think and communicate with each other? And what can studying animals tell
us about the evolution of
language in humans? In this hour, NPR's Ira Flatow and guests look at
thought and communication in
apes, gorillas and monkeys. What can non-human primates tell us about
communication in humans?
CODIS 2004, International Conference On Communications, Devices And
Intelligent Systems, 2004
Calcutta, India, 04/01/09-10 EVOLVABILITY & INTERACTION: Evolutionary
Substrates of
Communication, Signaling, and Perception in the Dynamics of Social
Complexity, London, UK,
03/10/08-10 The Semantic Web and Language Technology - Its Po tential and
Practicalities,
Bucharest, Romania, 03/07/28-08/08 ECAL 2003, 7th European Conference on
Artificial Life, Dortmund,
Germany, 03/09/14-17 New Santa Fe Institute President About His Vision for
SFI's Future Role,
(Video, Santa Fe, NM, 03/06/04) SPIE's 1st Intl Symp on Fluctuations and
Noise, Santa Fe, NM,
2003/06/01-04 NAS Sackler Colloquium on Mapping Knowledge Domains,
Video/Audio Report, 03/05/11
13th Ann Intl Conf, Soc f Chaos Theory in Psych & Life Sciences,
Boston, MA, USA, 2003/08/08-10
CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos of Archived Lectures and Live Events
Dean LeBaron's Archive
of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998 Edge Videos




_________________________________________________________________

20.03. Conference & Call for Papers Announcements



  Fractal 2004,
  "Complexity and Fractals in Nature", 8th Intl
  Multidisciplinary Conf, Vancouver, Canada, 04/04/04-07

  6th German Workshop on Artificial Life 2004 (GWAL-6), Bamberg, Germany,
04/04/14-16

  The
  9th IEEE Intl Conf on Engineering of Complex Computer
  Systems, Florence, Italy, 04/04/14-16

  Complexity Science and the Exploration of the Emerging World, Austin, TX,
04/04/17

  2004
  Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC'04),
  Arlington, VA., USA, 04/04/18-22

  NKS
  (New Kind of Science) 2004 Conference and Minicourse,
  Boston, Massachusetts, 04/04/22-25


IDS'04 - Intentional Dynamic Systems Symposium, Memphis, TN, USA,  04/04/24-26


  New Horizons In Search Theory
, Newport, RI, 04/04/26-28


Human Systems Dynamics at Work: Complexity Tools for Today, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, 04/04/27-28


Life, a Nobel Story , Brussels, BE, 04/04/28

  Urban
  Vulnerability and Network Failure: Constructions and Experiences
  of Emergencies, Crises and Collapse,  Manchester, UK,
  04/04/29-30


What Really Matters ?The Global Forum 2004, Santa Fe, NM, 04/05/02-04

   International Conference on the Ontology of Spacetime,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 04/05/11-14

  5th
  International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS2004),
  Boston, MA, USA, 04/05/16-21

  3rd Intl Conf on
  Systems Thinking in Management (ICSTM 2004) "Transforming
  Organizations to Achieve Sustainable Success",
  Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 04/05/19-21

4th Intl Conf on
Fractals And Dynamic Systems In Geoscience, München, Germany, 04/05/19-22

  9th
  Annual Workshop on Economics and Heterogeneous Interaction Agents
  (WEHIA04), Kyoto, Japan, 2004/05/27-29

  13th
  International Symposium on HIV & Emerging Infectious
  Diseases, Toulon, France, 04/06/03-05!


  ECC8
  Experimental Chaos Conference, Florence, Italy,
  04/06/14-17

  An Intl Tribute to Francisco Varela, Paris,04/06/18-20

  7th
Intl Conf on Linking Systems Thinking, Innovation,Quality, Entrepreneurship
and Environment
(STIQE),
MARIBOR, SLOVENIA, 04/06/24-26


Biannual Meeting Society for Research on Biological Rhythms, Whistler, BC,
04/06/24-26


NAACSOS 2004, North American Association for Computational Social and
Organizational Science,
Pittsburgh PA, 04/06/27-29


Statphys - Kolkata V An International Conference on Complex Networks:
Structure, Function and
Processes , Kolkata, India, 04/06/27-30


ICAD 2004 10th International Conference on Auditory Display, Sydney,
Australia, 04/07/06-09


3rd Intl School Topics in Nonlinear Dynamics Discrete Dynamical Systems and
Applications , Urbino
(Italy), 04/07/07-09

  `Perspectives on Nonlinear Dynamics 2004 (PNLD-2004), Chen!
nai, India, 04/07/12-15

  From Animals To Animats
  8, 8th Intl Conf On The Simulation Of Adaptive Behavior
  (SAB'04), Los Angeles, USA, 04/07/13-17

  14th Annual International Conference The Society for Chaos Theory in
Psychology & Life Sciences ,
Milwaukee, WI, USA, 04/07/15-18


Facing Complexity, Wellington, NZ, 04/07/15-17


  Interdisciplinary Colloquium, Security Bytes, Security/Life/Terror
, Lancaster, 04/07/17-19

  Gordon Research Conference on "Oscillations & Dynamic Instabilities In
Chemical Systems",
Lewiston, ME, 04/07/18-23

  3rd
Intl Conf Autonomous Agents & Multi-Agent Systems Conference (AAMAS 2004),
New York City,
04/07/19-23

7th
Intl Workshop on: Trust in Agent Societies , New York City, 04/07/19-20

  8th
  World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and
  Informatics, Orlando, Florida, USA, 04/07/18-21

  2004
  Summer Simulation MultiConference (SummerSim'04), San Jose
  Hyatt, San Jose, California, 04/07/25-29

  SME 2004 Symposium on Modeling
  and Control of Economic Systems , University in Redlands, CA, 04/01/28-31

  6th
  International Mathematica Symposium (IMS 2004), Banff,
  Canada, 04/08/02-06

   Fractals and Natural Hazards at
32nd Intl Geological Congress (IGC), Florence, Italy, 04/08/20-28


ICCC 2004, IEEE International Conference on Computational Cybernetics, ,
Vienna, Austria, 04/08/30-09/01

  ANTS
  2004, 4th International Workshop on Ant Colony
  Optimization and Swarm Intelligence, Brussels, Belgium,
  04/09/05-08

  Dynamic
  Ontology,
An Inquiry into Systems, Emergence, Levels of Reality,
  and Forms of Causality, Trento, Italy,
  04/09/08-11

  9th
  Intl Conf on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems
  (ALIFE9), Boston, Massachusetts, 04/09/12-15

  The
Verhulst 200 on Chaos, Brussels, BELGIUM, 04/09/16-18

  The
  8th Intl Conf on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
  (PPSN VIII), Birmingham, UK, 04/09/18-22

  XVII Brazilian
  Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Sao Luis, Maranhao -
  Brazil, 04/09/22-24

   TEDMED Conference ,
Charleston SC, 04/10/12-15

  Wolfram
  Technology Conference, Champaign, Illinois,
  04/10/21-23

  6th Intl Conf on Electronic Commerce
ICEC'2004: Towards A New Services Landscape,  Delft, The Netherlands,
04/10/25-27

   Complexity and Philosophy Workshop - 2-Day Conference ,  Rio de Janeiro,
04/11






_________________________________________________________________

20.03.01. Strategic Thinking in a Complex World , Smithsonian Resident
Associates Program

Excerpts:     Recognizing the world as one vast interconnected system is
essential to understanding
the level of complexity in today's global environment.     This course is
designed to give you a
working knowledge of complexity science, and to show how to apply insights
from the new science to
your life and work, and to world events.

* Strategic Thinking in a Complex World, T. Irene Sanders , David Rejeski ,
04/05/01-22,
Smithsonian Resident Associates Program



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