复杂性文摘NO：2004.46
Complexity Digest 2004.46
Archive: http://www.comdig.org, European
Mirror: http://www.comdig.de Asian
Mirror: http://www.phil.pku.edu.cn/resguide/comdig/
(Chinese GB-Code) "I think
the next century will be the century of complexity." Stephen Hawking
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Content:
01. Genomic Databases and the Tree of Life, Science
02. Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty, Science
02.01. A Political Economy Model Of Immigration Quotas, Econ. Governance
02.02. Why Punish? Social Reciprocity And The Enforcement Of Prosocial Norms,
J. Evol. Econ.
02.03. The Social Implications Of Winner And Loser Effects, Alphagalileo &
Biol. Lett.
03. What's on the Label?, Science
03.01. Search Wars - Which Is the Best?, BBC News
04. Realistic Species Losses Disproportionately Reduce Grassland Resistance,
Science
05. Seeking the Key to Music, Science
05.01. Music Mirrors Tone Patterns In Our Speech, Nature News
05.02. Listen, Baby, Science
06. Dynamics of Human Walking at Steady Speeds, Phys. Rev. Lett
06.01. Brain Cells May Pay the Price for a Bad Night's Sleep, Science
07. Ideas Stolen Right From Nature, Wired
07.01. Imitation in Animals and Artifacts , JASSS
07.02. Self-organized Criticality and Scale-free Properties in Emergent
Functional Neural Networks, arXiv
08. A Socially Enforced Signal Of Quality In A Paper Wasp, Nature
08.01. Animal Behaviour: Rank Crime And Punishment, Nature
09. Shots Make Monkeys Shoot Blanks, Science Now
09.01. Vaccine Cripples Sperm In Monkeys, Nature News
09.02. Reversible Immunocontraception in Male Monkeys Immunized with Eppin,
Science
09.03. Vaccine Stretch: Smaller Dose Packs Punch Against Flu, Science News
10. Assault On Autism - Scientists Target Drugs And Other Environmental Agents,
Science News
10.01. Moving Brain Implant Seeks Out Signals, New Scientist
10.02. Monkeys Discriminate Between Knowing And Not Knowing And Collect
Information, Animal Cognition
10.03. New Brain Cells Develop During Alcohol Abstinence, ScienceDaily
11. Sea Urchins Reveal Spiky Secret, Nature News
11.01. A Bunch Of Leaves, Nature
12. Big Engine Finds Small Breaks, Nature
13. Start With Black Hole, Then Add Stars, Science Now
13.01. Second Black Hole for the Milky Way, Science Now
13.02. Quantum Astronomy: The Double Slit Experiment, Space.com
13.03. Quantum Lab Fits On A Chip, Nature News
13.04. Spin Current Sighting Ends 35-Year Hunt, Science Now
14. Making Waves, Nature
14.01. Laser Beams: Knotted Threads Of Darkness, Nature
15. Are Brazil Nuts Attractive?, Phys. Rev. Lett.
16. A Fast Low-Power Optical Memory Based On Coupled Micro-Ring Lasers, Nature
17. Earth Tides Can Trigger Shallow Thrust Fault Earthquakes, Science
17.01. Deep Ocean Overturning--Then and Now, Science
17.02. Honeybees Defy Dino-killing 'Nuclear Winter', ScienceDaily
17.03. A Seashore Fight to Harness the Wind, NY Times
18. Pentagon Envisioning a Costly Internet for War, New York Times
18.01. Urban Warfare Deals Harsh Challenge to Troops, NY Times
18.02. Trouble Spots Dot Iraqi Landscape, Attacks Erupting Away From Fallujah,
Washington Post
19. Complex Challenges: Global Terroist Networks
19.01. U.S. Judge Halts War-Crime Trial at Guantanamo, NY Times
19.02. Groups, U.S. Battle Over 'Global Terrorist' Label, Washington Post
19.03. U.S. Plans Assault On Afghan Heroin, Washington Post
20. Links & Snippets
20.01. Other Publications
20.02. Webcast Announcements
20.03. Conference & Call for Papers Announcements
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01. Genomic Databases and the Tree of Life , Science
Excerpts: Although we have not yet counted the total number of species on our
planet, biologists in the field of systematics are eagerly assembling the Tree
of Life. (...)
If the supertree approach establishes the trunk and thick branches of the Tree
of Life, then perhaps the barcoding approach is more appropriate for discerning
the twigs and leaves of the tree (...)..However, the leaves are dropping
quickly. We are losing 27,000 species each year while only describing 18,000
new species.
* Genomic Databases and the Tree of Life, Keith A. Crandall , Jennifer E.
Buhay , 04/11/12, Science : 1144-1145
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02. Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty , Science
Excerpts: It is widely accepted that biodiversity loss and poverty are linked
problems and that conservation and poverty reduction should be tackled
together. However, success with integrated strategies is elusive. There is
sharp debate about the social impacts of conservation programs and the success
of community-based approaches to conservation. Clear conceptual frameworks are
needed if policies in these two areas are to be combined. We review the links
between poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation and present a
conceptual typology of these relationships.
* Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty, William. M. Adams ,
Ros Aveling , Dan Brockington , Barney Dickson , Jo Elliott , Jon Hutton ,
Dilys Roe , Bhaskar Vira , William Wolmer , 04/11/12, Science : 1146-114
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02.01. A Political Economy Model Of Immigration Quotas , Econ. Governance
Excerpt: The paper examines a model in which the number of immigrants allowed
into a country is the outcome of a costly political lobbying contest between a
firm and a union. The union and the firm bargain over the wage of natives after
the number of immigrants that will be permitted is known. I assume that the
lobbying contest is an all-pay auction (i.e., the lobbyist with the higher
effort wins with certainty). Comparative statics results are derived to show
how the reservation wage of immigrants, (...) and the cost of lobbying affect
immigration quotas and the post-immigration wage of natives.
* A Political Economy Model Of Immigration Quotas, J. A. Amegashie , Nov. 2004,
DOI: 10.1007/s10101-004-0078-6, Economics of Governance
* Contributed by Pritha Das - prithadas01yahoo.com
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02.02. Why Punish? Social Reciprocity And The Enforcement Of Prosocial Norms ,
J. Evol. Econ.
Abstract: Recently economists have become interested in why people who face
social dilemmas in the experimental lab use the seemingly incredible threat of
punishment to deter free riding. Three theories with evolutionary
microfoundations have been developed to explain punishment. We survey these
theories and use behavioral data from surveys and experiments to show that the
theory called social reciprocity in which people punish norm violators
indiscriminately explains punishment best.
* Why Punish? Social Reciprocity And The Enforcement Of Prosocial Norms, J. P.
Carpenter jpc@middlebury.edu , P. H.
Matthews pmatthew@middlebury.edu ,
O.
Ongonga , Oct. 2004, DOI: 10.1007/s00191-004-0212-1, Journal of Evolutionary
Economics
* Contributed by Pritha Das - prithadas01yahoo.com
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02.03. The Social Implications Of Winner And Loser Effects , Alphagalileo &
Biol. Lett.
Excerpt: More and more evidence from the animal world suggests that
"winning
begets winning" and "losing begets losing." Prior work on such
winner and loser
effects has focused on pairwise interactions, and not the extent to which
winner and loser effects impact hierarchy formation. We examined the impact of
winner and loser effects on hierarchy formation in the green swordtail,
Xiphophorus helleri. Our results demonstrate that randomly chosen winners in
pairwise contests were more likely to emerge as top-ranked individuals in a
hierarchy, while randomly chosen losers were more likely to emerge as the
lowest ranking individuals. (...)
* The Social Implications Of Winner And Loser Effects, L. A. Dugatkin , M.
Druen , 2004/11/08, Alphagalileo & Biology Letters
* Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinyahoo.co.in
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03. What's on the Label? , Science
Excerpts: In the United States, labeling regulations are largely about the
material content. In Europe, the method and place of production may also be
specified in law, even if they make no material difference to the contents.
This difference in approach is evident in the labeling of genetically modified
(GM) foods. Whether the plant from which a food is made is GM is irrelevant in
the United States, (...). But in Europe, labeling of foods containing DNA or
protein from GM plants is mandatory, (...).
* What's on the Label?, John Krebs , 04/11/12, Science : 1101
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03.01. Search Wars - Which Is the Best? , BBC News
Excerpt: As Microsoft enters the internet search engine market, users find
themselves overwhelmed with options. We compare the big players on five key
areas. [Google, Yahoo, MSN, Ask Jeeves, and A9]
* Search Wars - Which Is the Best?, 2004/11/12, BBC News
* Contributed by Carlos Gershenson
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04. Realistic Species Losses Disproportionately Reduce Grassland Resistance ,
Science
Excerpts: Consequences of progressive biodiversity declines depend on the
functional roles of individual species and the order in which species are lost.
Most studies of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relation tackle only the
first of these factors. We used observed variation in grassland diversity to
design an experimental test of how realistic species losses affect invasion
resistance. Because entire plant functional groups disappeared faster than
expected by chance, resistance declined dramatically with progressive species
losses. Realistic biodiversity losses, even of rare species, can thus affect
ecosystem processes far more than indicated by randomized-loss experiments.
* Realistic Species Losses Disproportionately Reduce Grassland Resistance,
Erika S. Zavaleta , Kristin B. Hulvey , 04/11/12, Science : 1175-1177
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05. Seeking the Key to Music , Science
Excerpts: Music, like language, can be a form of communication and coordination
among people. Moreover, music is an exquisitely powerful way of conveying
emotion,(...).
Foley points out that the apparent fitness benefit of social cohesion is also
the current leading hypothesis for why language itself evolved. "So it
makes
sense to extend it to music and indeed most other activities," (...).
For social-cohesion theorists, the challenge is to explain why singing or
dancing enhanced social bonding--and why that in turn fosters greater fitness
and survival.
* Seeking the Key to Music, Michael Balter , 04/11/12, Science : 1120-1122
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05.01. Music Mirrors Tone Patterns In Our Speech , Nature News
Excerpts: Composers' mother tongue helps to shape their
work. c Punchstock
The team's analysis shows that fluctuations in pitch in music written by
classic French composers vary much less than in British music. The difference
mirrors the patterns of pitch found in the corresponding languages.
Musicologists and linguists have tried to connect cultures' speech with their
music in the past but have only had luck with tonal languages, such as Chinese,
which assign meaning to words based on their pitch.
The new work is the first to connect melody with non-tonal speech.
* Music Mirrors Tone Patterns In Our Speech, Roxanne Khamsi , 04/11/10, Nature
News
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05.02. Listen, Baby , Science
Excerpts: How quickly babies home in on the sounds of their native language
during their first year may predict how quickly they learn new words, string
together complex sentences, and acquire other language skills as toddlers. The
new research, presented in San Diego, helps pin down a milestone in language
development and may shed light on why the ability to pick up a new language
wanes with age.
When it comes to language, babies are "citizens of the world,"(...).
By the end of their first year, however, babies begin to specialize.
* Listen, Baby, Greg Miller , 04/11/12, Science : 1127
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06. Dynamics of Human Walking at Steady Speeds , Phys. Rev. Lett
Excerpts: Biped locomotion is discussed through a Lagrangian formulation for
velocity-dependent, body driving forces. An analysis of level walking in humans
is given through the known experimental data on the ground-reaction force and
the external work without recourse to inverted-pendulum modeling. At a certain
speed, rectilinear motion of the center of mass with its backward rotation
along a shortened hypocycloid is ensured by double-frequency nonlinear
oscillations, whose energy cost is 1% of the external work. With increasing
speed, a peculiarity and an instability of the trajectory indicate,
respectively, a slow-to-normal gait crossover and the maximal fast walking
speed.
* Dynamics of Human Walking at Steady Speeds, Valery B. Kokshenev , 04/11/10,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 208101
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06.01. Brain Cells May Pay the Price for a Bad Night's Sleep , Science
Excerpts: Sleep apnea, a condition in which breathing irregularities occur
during sleep, may kill neurons in brain regions crucial for learning and
memory, (...). The findings may provide a disturbing explanation for the
cognitive deficits often seen in people with sleep apnea. (...), new evidence
suggests that adding an unhealthy diet to the mix greatly compounds the neural
harm (...).
In the United States, sleep apnea affects at least 2% of children, 4% of
middle-age adults, and 10% of older adults, (...), and it is even more common
in obese people.
* Brain Cells May Pay the Price for a Bad Night's Sleep, Greg Miller ,
04/11/12, Science : 1126
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07. Ideas Stolen Right From Nature , Wired
Excerpts: "I wanted a nonliving system which would respond to changes in
moisture by changing shape," (...). "There are several such systems in
plants,
but most are very small -- the pinecone is the largest and therefore the
easiest to work on."
Pinecones respond to warmer temperatures by opening their scales (to disperse
their seeds). The smart fabric does the same thing, opening up when it is warm,
and shutting tight when cold.
Vincent's smart clothing is one of the projects representing British science at
the
World Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan.
* Ideas Stolen Right From Nature, Rowan Hooper , 04/11/09, Wired
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07.01. Imitation in Animals and Artifacts , JASSS
Excerpt: The editors state that: "Building robots and software agents that
can
imitate other artificial or human agents in an appropriate way is an endeavour
that involves the deepest problems of connecting perception, experience,
context and actions." Carrying that thought further, I began to ponder its
implications. If imitation, as an essential component of human learning
capacities, can be properly formalised, robots will become capable of learning
by imitating humans or one another. The science fiction future would have
arrived!
* Imitation in Animals and Artifacts [Review of book by Dautenhahn, Kerstin and
Nehaniv, Chrystopher L. (eds.), MIT Press: London, 2002], Itzhak Benenson ,
2004/10/31, JASSS 7(4)
* Contributed by Carlos Gershenson
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07.02. Self-organized Criticality and Scale-free Properties in Emergent
Functional Neural Networks , arXiv
Abstract: Recent studies on the complex systems have shown that the
synchronization of oscillators including neuronal ones is faster, stronger, and
more efficient in the small-world networks than in the regular or the random
networks, and many studies are based on the assumption that the brain may
utilize the small-world and scale-free network structure. We show that the
functional structures in the brain are self-organized to both the small-world
and the scale-free networks by synaptic re-organization by the spike timing
dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP), which is hardly achieved with
conventional Hebbian learning rules. We show that the balance between the
excitatory and the inhibitory synaptic inputs is critical in the formation of
the functional structure, which is found to lie in a self-organized critical
state.
* Self-organized Criticality and Scale-free Properties in Emergent Functional
Neural Networks, Chang-Woo Shin , Seunghwan Kim , 2004/11/09, DOI:
cond-mat/0408700, arXiv
* Contributed by Carlos Gershenson
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08. A Socially Enforced Signal Of Quality In A Paper Wasp , Nature
Excerpts: Badges of status are a subset of signals of quality that reveal
information about an individual's size and dominance. (...) (that is, prevent
low-quality cheaters from exploiting any fitness benefits associated with
communicating high quality). (...) Here we report social costs in a previously
undescribed badge of status: the highly variable black facial patterns of
female paper wasps, (...).
(...) ('cheaters') received considerably more aggression from the dominant than
did sham controls, indicating that facial patterns are signals and that
dishonest signalling imposes social costs.
* A Socially Enforced Signal Of Quality In A Paper Wasp, Elizabeth A. Tibbetts
, James Dale , 04/11/11, DOI: 10.1038/nature02949, Nature 432, 218 - 222
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08.01. Animal Behaviour: Rank Crime And Punishment , Nature
Excerpts: In paper wasps, facial markings are cheap 'status badges' that would
seem to be susceptible to cheating. But wasps punish those whose markings lie.
(...)
'Badges of status' are markings that animals are thought to use to signal their
size and dominance ?they are indicators of rank. To be useful, however, they
must be 'honest' indicators; a symbol of high rank cannot be adopted by a
low-quality individual.
(...) brokenness ?a measure that includes the number and irregularity of the
spots ?are slightly greater in wasps with wider heads.
* Animal Behaviour: Rank Crime And Punishment, Joan E. Strassmann ,
04/11/11,
DOI: 10.1038/432160b, Nature 432, 160 - 162
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09. Shots Make Monkeys Shoot Blanks , Science Now
Excerpts: Sperm-targeting vaccine shows promise as contraceptive in monkeys
(...)
To test whether it worked, immunized males spent several days each with three
different females during the fertile peak of the females' menstrual cycle. The
upshot: None of the seven vaccinated monkeys managed to impregnate a female.
Four of the six control monkeys did. Although the contraceptive effect of the
vaccine was intended to be reversible, only five of the seven vaccinated
monkeys, some of whom received the vaccine for nearly 2 years, recovered their
fertility during the study, (...).
* Shots Make Monkeys Shoot Blanks, Jennifer Couzin , 04/11/11, Science Now
_________________________________________________________________
09.01. Vaccine Cripples Sperm In Monkeys , Nature News
Excerpts: Monkeys given the vaccine produced sperm that
could not fertilize
eggs. c SPL
A male contraceptive jab has edged closer to reality, after a study showed that
monkeys are rendered infertile by a vaccine aimed at their sperm.
In contrast to the wide range of contraceptives on hand for women, men wanting
to curb their fertility can choose between only condoms or a vasectomy. As part
of an effort to extend these options, researchers have been struggling for more
than 20 years to work out how to vaccinate men temporarily so that the immune
system hobbles their sperm.
* Vaccine Cripples Sperm In Monkeys, Helen Pearson , 04/11/11, Nature News
_________________________________________________________________
09.02. Reversible Immunocontraception in Male Monkeys Immunized with Eppin ,
Science
Excerpts: Various forms of birth control have been developed for women;
however, there are currently few options for men. The development of male
contraceptives that are effective, safe, and reversible is desired for family
planning throughout the world. We now report contraception of male nonhuman
primates (Macaca radiata) immunized with Eppin, a testis/epididymis-specific
protein. Seven out of nine males (78%) developed high titers to Eppin, and all
of these high-titer monkeys were infertile. Five out of seven (71%)
high-anti-Eppin titer males recovered fertility when immunization was stopped.
This study demonstrates that effective and reversible male immunocontraception
is an attainable goal. This method of immunocontraception may be extended to
humans.
* Reversible Immunocontraception in Male Monkeys Immunized with Eppin, M. G.
O'Rand , E. E. Widgren , P. Sivashanmugam , R. T. Richardson , S. H. Hall , F.
S. French , C. A. VandeVoort , S. G. Ramachandra , V. Ramesh , A. Jagannadha
Rao , 04/11/12, Science : 1189-1190.
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09.03. Vaccine Stretch: Smaller Dose Packs Punch Against Flu , Science News
Excerpts: A fraction of the standard dose of flu vaccine grants people immunity
to influenza if injected into the skin rather than into the muscle of the upper
arm, the usual target. That's the conclusion of two studies to appear in the
Nov. 25 New England Journal of Medicine but released early because of their
public health implications.
The technique will not be approved in time to solve this year's vaccine
shortage, but it could mitigate future shortages and might also provide a new
way to pump up immunity against flu in the elderly.
Editor's Note: From a complexity perspective the real question is why it took
the expert until now to figure that out? Apparently it was common wisdom that
all the immune related cells are under the skin and not in the muscles. Was
this another QWERTY-type frozen historical accident?
* Vaccine Stretch: Smaller Dose Packs Punch Against Flu, David Shiga ,
04/11/13, Science News
_________________________________________________________________
10. Assault On Autism - Scientists Target Drugs And Other Environmental Agents
, Science News
Excerpts: Steady Progress. Ben Bakter, who has autism,
works with therapist
Denise Jennings. C. Bakter, NAAR
They knew of experiments showing that rats exposed to terbutaline before birth
had brain abnormalities. More recently, they completed a yet-unpublished
clinical study that found a higher-than-expected incidence of autism in both
children in sets of fraternal twins whose mothers also took terbutaline during
pregnancy. (...)
This research reflects a shift in scientific thinking about what causes autism,
and a push to look harder at potential environmental influences.
* Assault On Autism - Scientists Target Drugs And Other Environmental Agents,
Diana Parsell , 04/11/13, Science News
_________________________________________________________________
10.01. Moving Brain Implant Seeks Out Signals , New Scientist
Excerpts: Electrodes on the go.
Implants could one day help people who are paralysed or unable to communicate
because of spinal injury or conditions such as (...) [ALS, Ed.] (Lou Gehrig's
disease). Electrodes implanted in the brain could, in principle, pick up neural
signals and convey them to a prosthetic arm or a computer cursor.
But there is a problem. Implanted electrodes are usually unable to sense
consistent neuronal signals for more than a few months, (...).
(...) tissue building up on the electrodes may mask the signal; or the neurons
emitting the signals can die.
* Moving Brain Implant Seeks Out Signals, 04/11/10, New Scientist
_________________________________________________________________
10.02. Monkeys Discriminate Between Knowing And Not Knowing And Collect
Information , Animal Cognition
Excerpt: Humans use memory awareness to determine whether relevant knowledge is
available before acting, as when we determine whether we know a phone number
before dialing. Such metacognition, or thinking about thinking, can improve
selection of appropriate behavior. We investigated whether rhesus monkeys
(Macaca mulatta) are capable of a simple form of metacognitive access to the
contents of short-term memory. (...) suggests that rhesus monkeys discriminate
between knowing and not knowing. This result extends similar observations made
of children and apes to a species of Old World monkey, suggesting that the
underlying cognitive capacities may be widely distributed among primates.
* Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) Discriminate Between Knowing And Not Knowing
And Collect Information As Needed Before Acting, R. R. Hampton
robert@ln.nimh.nih.gov , A. Zivin
, E. A. Murray , Oct. 2004, DOI:
10.1007/s10071-004-0215-1, Animal Cognition
* Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinyahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
10.03. New Brain Cells Develop During Alcohol Abstinence , ScienceDaily
Excerpts: (...) scientists have reported - for the first time - a burst in new
brain cell development during abstinence from chronic alcohol consumption.The
UNC findings (...) were based on an animal model of chronic alcohol dependence,
in which adult rats were given alcohol over four days in amounts that produced
alcohol dependency. (...) were the first to report that alcohol, during
intoxication, has a detrimental effect on the formation of new neurons in the
adult rat hippocampus. This brain region is important for learning and memory -
in animals and humans - and is linked to psychiatric disorders, particularly
depression. (...)
* New Brain Cells Develop During Alcohol Abstinence, UNC Study Shows,
2004/11/12, ScienceDaily & University Of North Carolina School Of Medicine
* Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinyahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
11. Sea Urchins Reveal Spiky Secret , Nature News
Excerpts:
(...) sea urchins' ability to fashion spines from single, large crystals. Now
they have cracked the prickly creatures' secret and made a discovery that could
spur the development of dental implants and bone grafts.
Each sea-urchin spine is made from a single crystal of calcite, a mineral
mostly consisting of calcium carbonate, and can reach several centimetres in
length. The crystals have a complex structure bounded by smooth, curved
surfaces, unlike calcite crystals grown in the lab, which take on an angular
shape with six flat faces, (...).
* Sea Urchins Reveal Spiky Secret, Paula Gould , 04/11/11, Nature News
_________________________________________________________________
11.01. A Bunch Of Leaves , Nature
Excerpts: The intricate and elegant architecture of a flower requires the
activity of a plethora of proteins. Many belong to a group of gene regulators
known as MADS-box proteins. These form multiprotein complexes that direct the
formation of concentric whorls of sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. (...)
without the concerted encouragement of four such proteins, all that is produced
are clusters of leaves (...).
(...) mutating SEP4 alone had no obvious effect, but quadruple mutants lacking
all four SEP proteins formed 'flowers' with no recognizable floral organs
(...).
* A Bunch Of Leaves, Christopher Surridge , 04/11/11, DOI: 10.1038/432161a,
Nature 432, 161
_________________________________________________________________
12. Big Engine Finds Small Breaks , Nature
Excerpts: When a break occurs in the DNA double helix, it must be dealt with
rapidly. The structure of one of the cellular machines responsible is now
revealed, offering insights into its impressive speed and flexibility.
* Big Engine Finds Small Breaks, Anna Marie Pyle , 04/11/11, DOI:
10.1038/432157a, Nature 432, 157 - 158
_________________________________________________________________
13. Start With Black Hole, Then Add Stars , Science Now
Excerpts:
The hole story. Gas surrounds a giant black hole in the early universe in this
radio image, but astronomers see little evidence for a massive galaxy of
stars.
CREDIT: WALTER ET AL./NRAO/AUI/NSF
In today's universe, giant black holes are never naked--they're always cloaked
by the bright starry centers of galaxies. But astronomers have long wondered
which came first, the black holes or the stars. A new image of gas around the
most distant black hole known suggests that it arose without many stars around
it. The result is a tantalizing clue in the puzzle of how today's grand
galaxies assembled.
(...) , the central swarms of stars in galaxies are always about 500 times more
massive than the giant black holes they contain (...).
* Start With Black Hole, Then Add Stars, 04/11/10, Science Now
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13.01. Second Black Hole for the Milky Way , Science Now
Excerpts: Closely knit. Blue and white dots in this
infrared image are
stars held together by the gravity of a medium-sized black hole. Credit: Gemini
Observatory
There are two main types of black holes. Stellar black holes are the remains of
exploded stars. They are just a few times heftier than the sun. On the other
end of the scale are supermassive black holes, which lurk in the cores of
galaxies and can weigh several billion times the mass of the sun. (...),
astronomers using x-ray satellites have found evidence of medium-sized black
holes, a few thousand times the sun's mass. They are thought to form in dense
stellar clusters from chance collisions of massive stars.
* Second Black Hole for the Milky Way, 04/11/11, Science Now
_________________________________________________________________
13.02. Quantum Astronomy: The Double Slit Experiment , Space.com
Excerpts:
This is a series of four articles each with a separate explanation of different
quantum phenomena. Each of the four articles is a piece of a mosaic and so
every one is needed to understand the final explanation of the quantum
astronomy experiment we propose, possibly using the Allen Array Telescope and
the narrow-band radio-wave detectors being build by the SETI Institute and the
University of California, Berkeley.
* Quantum Astronomy: The Double Slit Experiment, Laurance R. Doyle , 04/11/11,
Space.com
_________________________________________________________________
13.03. Quantum Lab Fits On A Chip , Nature News
Excerpts: This tiny pillar of gallium arsenide, just 800
nanometres across,
is home to a quantum laboratoryL
A tiny cavity inside a crystal makes an ideal laboratory for quantum
experiments, according to two teams of scientists who have entangled light and
matter inside a solid for the first time.
Their miniature laboratories should make it easier to study quantum
entanglement, (...) help to build a quantum computer.
Trapping the entangled objects inside semiconductors means that physicists can
easily hook them up to conventional circuits. "The photonic crystal slab
offers
the attractive possibility of interconnecting various sources and detectors all
on the same chip,"(...).
* Quantum Lab Fits On A Chip, Mark Peplow , 04/11/10, Nature News
_________________________________________________________________
13.04. Spin Current Sighting Ends 35-Year Hunt , Science Now
Excerpts: Sidetracked. Impurity atoms deflect electrons
with different
spins (red and blue) to opposite sides of a semiconductor chip. Credit: Y. K.
Kato Et Al. (...) discovered a scheme for electrically
injecting spins into
a semiconductor, another long-sought goal of spintronics (...).
Using standard techniques for tailoring the amount of impurity atoms and other
"defects" in semiconductors, "it should be possible to engineer
materials to
increase the size of this effect," Awschalom says. That in turn could point
the
way for spintronics researchers to develop an array of spin-manipulating
devices to switch currents of particular spins on and off, as well as steer,
filter, and amplify them.
* Spin Current Sighting Ends 35-Year Hunt, Robert F. Service , 04/11/12,
Science Now
_________________________________________________________________
14. Making Waves , Nature
Excerpts: Of course, molecules and atoms were small enough and easily produced
very short waves. But to get a respectable amount of light out, high
temperatures would be needed to excite sufficient numbers of molecules. Too
high in fact ?(...).
But wait a minute! This assumes that the molecules are in thermal equilibrium.
What if they weren't? A collection of excited molecules in complete
non-equilibrium would have no such limit to their potential radiation
intensity. This was, at least, a possibility ?but in practice would it produce
an appreciable amount of power?
Editor's Note: This is the story of the discovery of the MASER, a precursor of
the LASER.
* Making Waves, Charles H. Townes , 04/11/11, DOI: 10.1038/432153a, Nature 432,
153
_________________________________________________________________
14.01. Laser Beams: Knotted Threads Of Darkness , Nature
Excerpts: Destructive interference may lead to complete cancellation when light
waves travelling in different directions cross, and in three-dimensional space
this occurs along lines that are vortices of electromagnetic energy flow. Here
we confirm theoretical predictions by experimentally creating combinations of
optical laser beams in which these dark threads form stable loops that are
linked and knotted.
* Laser Beams: Knotted Threads Of Darkness, Jonathan Leach , Mark R. Dennis ,
Johannes Courtial , Miles J. Padgett , 04/11/11, DOI: 10.1038/432165a, Nature
432, 165
_________________________________________________________________
15. Are Brazil Nuts Attractive? , Phys. Rev. Lett.
Abstract: We present event-driven simulation results for single and multiple
intruders in a vertically vibrated granular bed. Under our vibratory
conditions, the mean vertical position of a single intruder is governed
primarily by a buoyancylike effect. Multiple intruders also exhibit buoyancy
governed behavior; however, multiple neutrally buoyant intruders cluster
spontaneously and undergo horizontal segregation. These effects can be
understood by considering the dynamics of two neutrally buoyant intruders. We
have measured an attractive force between such intruders which has a range of
five intruder diameters, and we provide a mechanistic explanation for the
origins of this force.
* Are Brazil Nuts Attractive?, Duncan A. Sanders , Michael R. Swift , R. M.
Bowley , P. J. King , 04/11/10, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 208002
_________________________________________________________________
16. A Fast Low-Power Optical Memory Based On Coupled Micro-Ring Lasers , Nature
Excerpts: The increasing speed of fibre-optic-based telecommunications has
focused attention on high-speed optical processing of digital information1.
Complex optical processing requires a high-density, high-speed, low-power
optical memory that can be integrated with planar semiconductor technology for
buffering of decisions and telecommunication data. Recently, ring lasers with
extremely small size and low operating power have been made, and we demonstrate
here a memory element constructed by interconnecting these microscopic lasers.
* A Fast Low-Power Optical Memory Based On Coupled Micro-Ring Lasers, Martin T.
Hill , Harmen J. S. Dorren , Tjibbe de Vries , Xaveer J. M. Leijtens , Jan
Hendrik den Besten , Barry Smalbrugge , Yok-Siang Oei , Hans Binsma , Giok-Djan
Khoe , Meint K. Smit , 04/11/11, Nature Vol 432
_________________________________________________________________
17. Earth Tides Can Trigger Shallow Thrust Fault Earthquakes , Science
Excerpts: We show a correlation between the occurrence of shallow thrust
earthquakes and the occurrence of the strongest tides. The rate of earthquakes
varies from the background rate by a factor of 3 with the tidal stress. The
highest correlation is found when we assume a coefficient of friction of ì =
0.4 for the crust, although we see good correlation for ì between 0.2 and 0.6.
Our results quantify the effect of applied stress on earthquake triggering, a
key factor in understanding earthquake nucleation and cascades whereby one
earthquake triggers others.
* Earth Tides Can Trigger Shallow Thrust Fault Earthquakes, Elizabeth S.
Cochran , John E. Vidale , Sachiko Tanaka , 04/11/12, Science : 1164-1166
_________________________________________________________________
17.01. Deep Ocean Overturning--Then and Now , Science
Excerpts: Knowledge of how fast the deep ocean overturned during the last
glacial period is important for understanding how Earth's climate could enter
such an extremely cold state.
(...) show that at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, mid-depth waters were
about as "old" (that is, they had spent as much time below the
surface) as they
are today. Coupled with other records from the deeper ocean, the data might
help to determine what drives the strength of the overturning circulation in
the first place.
* Deep Ocean Overturning--Then and Now, Jess F. Adkins , Claudia Pasquero ,
04/11/12, Science : 1143-1144
_________________________________________________________________
17.02. Honeybees Defy Dino-killing 'Nuclear Winter' , ScienceDaily
Excerpts: The humble tropical honeybee may challenge the idea that a
post-asteroid impact "nuclear winter" was a big player in the
decimation of
dinosaurs 65 million years ago. Somehow the tropical honeybee, Cretotrigona
prisca, survived the end-Cretaceous extinction event, despite what many
researchers believe was a years-long period of darkness and frigid temperatures
caused by sunlight-blocking dust and smoke from the asteroid impact (...) Late
Cretaceous tropical honeybees preserved in amber are almost identical to their
modern relatives, she says. If no modern tropical honeybee could have survived
(...) they lived off of, Kozisek reasoned, something must be amiss with the
nuclear winter theory. (...)
* Honeybees Defy Dino-killing 'Nuclear Winter', J. Bealing
j.a.bealing@sussex.ac.uk ,
2004/11/11, ScienceDaily & Geological Society Of
America
* Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinyahoo.co.in
_________________________________________________________________
17.03. A Seashore Fight to Harness the Wind , NY Times
Excerpts: The 4,000-page draft gives new support to environmental groups that
praise the project as a safe, nonpolluting and desperately needed alternative
to fossil fuel power plants. But opponents challenge the report, the process
that produced it and the idea of building the turbine array in the first
place.
Regardless of its environmental impact, they say, it is just too ugly - an
industrial development that would wreck pristine vistas in a major tourism
area. (...)
The project would be the nation's first offshore wind power plant, (...).
* A Seashore Fight to Harness the Wind, Cornelia Dean , 04/11/14, NYTimes
_________________________________________________________________
18. Pentagon Envisioning a Costly Internet for War , New York Times
Excerpts: The Pentagon is building its own secure Internet, the Global
Information Grid, or GIG, at a cost of $200 billion or more. The goal is to
give all American commanders and troops a moving picture of all foreign enemies
and threats -- "a God's-eye view" of battle.
* Pentagon Envisioning a Costly Internet for War, Tim Weiner , 04/11/13, New
York Times
_________________________________________________________________
18.01. Urban Warfare Deals Harsh Challenge to Troops , NY Times
Excerpts: A night with the marines in Falluja offers a textbook illustration of
the complexities of urban warfare.
* Urban Warfare Deals Harsh Challenge to Troops, Dexter Filkins , 04/11/09, NY
Times
_________________________________________________________________
18.02. Trouble Spots Dot Iraqi Landscape, Attacks Erupting Away From Fallujah ,
Washington Post
Excerpts: U.S. and Iraqi officials said they knew that Ramadan would bring
attacks, and that the widely publicized offensive in Fallujah would spark
violent provocations in other predominantly Sunni Muslim centers. But the scale
of the Mosul attack surprised the U.S. forces in the city. And the
disintegration of the city's police force recalled the debacles of April, when
a suddenly rampant insurgency shattered faith in the security forces that are
expected to assume the ever more difficult task of making Iraq at least
reasonably safe.
* Trouble Spots Dot Iraqi Landscape, Attacks Erupting Away From Fallujah, Karl
Vick , 04/11/15, Washington Post
_________________________________________________________________
19. Complex Challenges: Global Terroist Networks
_________________________________________________________________
19.01. U.S. Judge Halts War-Crime Trial at Guantanamo , NY Times
Excerpts: A federal judge ruled Monday that President Bush had both overstepped
his constitutional bounds and improperly brushed aside the Geneva Conventions
in establishing military commissions to try detainees at the U.S. naval base
here as war criminals.
The ruling by Judge James Robertson (...) brought an abrupt halt to the trial
of one detainee, one of hundreds being held here as enemy combatants, and threw
into doubt the future of the first set of U.S. military commission trials since
the end of World War II.
* U.S. Judge Halts War-Crime Trial at Guantanamo, Neil A. Lewis , 04/11/09,
NYTimes
_________________________________________________________________
19.02. Groups, U.S. Battle Over 'Global Terrorist' Label , Washington Post
Excerpts: As of today, neither Global Relief nor any of its officials have been
charged with a crime. Charity officials have also not had a chance to confront
all of the government's evidence linking the group to terrorism. The classified
evidence remains out of reach, and much of the unclassified evidence turned out
to be allegations in newspaper clippings.
Global Relief is one of three Islamic charities that were forced to shut down
before they were formally declared "specially designated global
terrorists" as
part of the U.S. government's three-year-old campaign (...).
* Groups, U.S. Battle Over 'Global Terrorist' Label, David B. Ottaway ,
04/11/14, Washington Post
_________________________________________________________________
19.03. U.S. Plans Assault On Afghan Heroin , Washington Post
Excerpts: Worried about a vast and still growing heroin industry in
Afghanistan, the Bush administration has devised a more aggressive
counternarcotics strategy aimed at greater eradication of poppy fields,
promotion of alternative crops and prosecution of traffickers.
The plan, a mix of stronger carrots and sticks, attempts to bring more
coordination, more money and more muscle to Afghan and international programs
launched over the past three years that have not made much of a dent in the
lucrative drug business.
* U.S. Plans Assault On Afghan Heroin, Bradley Graham , 04/11/15, Washington
Post
_________________________________________________________________
20. Links & Snippets
_________________________________________________________________
20.01. Other Publications
- Epidemic Spreading in Dynamic Small World Networks, Sheng Li , Meng Meng ,
Hongru Ma , 2004/11/08, arXiv, DOI: nlin.AO/0411017
- Introduction to Chaos and Diffusion, G. Boffetta , G. Lacorata , A. Vulpiani
, 2004/11/03, arXiv ["Chaos in geophysical flows", ISSAOS 2001], DOI:
nlin.CD/0411023
- A Comparison Of The Electroencephalogram Between Institutionalized And
Community Children In Romania, P. J. Marshall , N. A. Fox , BEIP
Core Group ,
Oct. 2004, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Sensitive Periods In The Development Of The Brain And Behavior, E. I. Knudsen
, Oct. 2004, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Transgenic Birds For The Production Of Recombinant Proteins, M. Kamihira
,
K. Nishijima , S. Iijima , Online Jul. 2004, Advances in Biochemical
Engineering/Biotechnology, DOI: 10.1007/b94209
- Nonequilibrium Dynamics Of Social Groups: Insights From Foraging Argentine
Ants, J. D. Halley , M. Burd martin.burd@sci.monash.edu.au
, Aug. 2004,
Insectes Sociaux, DOI: 10.1007/s00040-003-0725-x
- Queen Influence On Worker Reproduction In Bumblebees (Bombus Terrestris)
Colonies, C. Alaux cedric.alaux@leec.univ-paris13.fr
, P. Jaisson , A. Hefetz
, Aug. 2004, Insectes Sociaux, DOI: 10.1007/s00040-004-0741-5
- Virgin Queens Selectively Destroy Fully Matured Queen Cells In The Honeybee
Apis, K. Harano harano@cc.tuat.ac.jp ,
Y. Obara , Aug. 2004, Insectes Sociaux,
DOI: 10.1007/s00040-004-0735-3
- Fitness And Evolutionary Stability In Game Theoretic Models Of Finite
Populations, G. Wild , P. D. Taylor , 2004/11/08, Alphagalileo & Proc.
B
(Biological Sciences)
- Distress Calls May Honestly Signal Bird Quality To Predators, P. Laiolo
, J.
L. Tella , M. Carrete , D. Serrano , G. Lopez , 2004/11/08,
Alphagalileo &
Biology Letters
- Queen And Worker Policing In Monogynous And Monandrous Colonies Of A
Primitively Eusocial Wasp, T. Saigo , K. Tsuchida , 2004/11/08,
Alphagalileo &
Biology Letters
- What Makes A Fast Racehorse?, M. Goode matt.goode@bbsrc.ac.uk
, 2004/11/09,
Alphagalileo & Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
- Images Of Desire: Brain Regions Activated By Food Craving Overlap With Areas
Implicated In Drug Craving, 2004/11/11, ScienceDaily & Monell Chemical
Senses
Center
- Student's Winning Invention Enables 'Animal On A Chip', 2004/11/09,
ScienceDaily & University Of Michigan
- Reproductive Effort In Relation To Maternal Social Rank In Reindeer (Rangifer
Tarandus), ? Holand oystein.holand@iha.nlh.no
, R. B. Weladji , H. Gjøstein
, J. Kumpula , M. E. Smith , M. Nieminen , K. H. Røed ,
Nov. 2004,
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, DOI: 10.1007/s00265-004-0827-0
- A Genetic Component To Size In Queens Of The Ant, Formica Truncorum, K.
Bargum katja.bargum@helsinki.fi ,
J. J. Boomsma , L. Sundström , Nov. 2004,
online 2004/08/27, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, DOI:
10.1007/s00265-004-0836-z
- Economic (Dis)Integration In The Presence Of Evolutionary Learning, C.
Karayalcin karayalc@fiu.edu , D. M.-Carbajo
dmendez@iwu.edu , D. Mitra
dmitra@maxwell.syr.edu , Oct. 2004,
Journal of Evolutionary Economics, DOI:
10.1007/s00191-004-0219-7
- Life Satisfaction Of Older People In Six European Countries: Findings From
The European Study On Adult Well-Being, D. Ferring dieter.ferring@uni.lu
, C.
Balducci , V. Burholt , C. Wenger , F. Thissen , G.
Weber , I. Hallberg ,
Online 2004/11/11, European Journal of Ageing, DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2004.06.006
- Firefox Browser Takes On Microsoft, BBC News , 04/11/09, Microsoft's Internet
Explorer has a serious rival in the long-awaited Firefox 1.0 web browser, which
has just been released. BBC News.
- Non-Immune Cells Autophage Too, 04/11/05, The Scientist, Study in Science
finds that cells can use process to entrap bacteria
- Help America Vote, Washington Post, AFTER THE 2000 election debacle, Congress
took steps to improve the voting system, but it acted slowly, stingily and
sloppily. Of the $4 billion for...
- A Fast Low-Power Optical Memory Based On Coupled Micro-Ring Lasers, Martin T.
Hill , Harmen J. S. Dorren , Tjibbe de Vries , Xaveer J. M. Leijtens , Jan
Hendrik den Besten , Barry Smalbrugge , Yok-Siang Oei , Hans Binsma , Giok-Djan
Khoe , Meint K. Smit , 04/11/11, Nature Vol 432
- A Magnetic Pendulum, Claude Chappert , Thibaut Devolder , 04/11/11,
Nature
Vol 432, Where two oppositely magnetized regions meet, there is a so-called
domain wall. Under the right conditions, this wall can be made to oscillate
like a pendulum, suggesting a new approach to electronics.
- Riding on Air, Adrian Cho , 04/11/09, X-treme idea.
Just as air trapped
in snow holds up a snowboarder, air trapped in goose down--or its synthetic
equivalent--could support a speeding train car. Credit: Photos.Com
Science
Now
- Is God in Our Genes?, Jeffrey Kluger , 04/10/25, Times, A provocative study
asks whether religion is a product of evolution. Inside a quest for the roots
of faith
- Give And Take: Plant Parasites Dole Out Genes While Stealing Nutrients,
04/11/13, Science News, New evidence suggests that parasitic plants can
transfer their own genes into host plants.
- Piddly Puddle Peril: Little Water Pools Foil Road Friction, 04/11/13, Science
News, Physicists have proposed an explanation for how even slight wetness can
cut road-to-rubber friction.
- Dino Dwarf: Island Living May Have Led To Ancient Downsizing, 04/11/13,
Science News, Fossils unearthed at a German quarry hint that members of one
species of dinosaur that lived in the region about 152 million years ago
evolved to be abnormally small because of the constraints of its island
ecosystem.
- Synchronized Thinking: Brain Activity Linked To Schizophrenia, Skillful
Meditation, 04/11/13, Science News, In separate studies, scientists linked
distinctive, collective electrical discharges of brain cells to certain
schizophrenia symptoms as well to integrated mental states attained by Buddhist
meditators.
- Frozen Assets, 04/11/13, Science News, A U.S. gene bank has begun
deep-freezing semen and other livestock 'seed' for possible future use in
research or breeding.
- Light Step Toward Quantum Networks, 04/11/13, Science News, During the
transfer of a quantum data bit from matter to light, a cloud of extremely cold
atoms emitted a photon carrying a version of the cloud's quantum state.
- Heavy Traffic May Trigger Heart Attacks, 04/11/13, Science News, Exposure to
traffic can dramatically increase a person's risk of having a heart attack soon
afterward.
- Can Phthalates Subtly Alter Boys?, 04/11/13, Science News, Researchers have
linked a mom's exposure to phthalates with a genital marker in boys suggesting
a subtle feminization of their reproductive organs.
- Uranium, The Newest 'Hormone', 04/11/13, Science News, Animal experiments
indicate that waterborne uranium can mimic the activity of estrogen, a female
sex hormone.
- DDT Linked To Miscarriages, 04/11/13, Science News, A study of Chinese women
finds that the pesticide DDT can not only affect menstrual cycles but also
foster miscarriages very early in pregnancy.
- Pioneer Ultraviolet Laser Promises 500GB Disks, 04/11/08, The Inquirer
- Skeptics Question Whether Flores Hominid Is a New Species, Michael Balter ,
04/11/12, Science : 1116
- Cavity Light Bullets: Three-Dimensional Localized Structures in a Nonlinear
Optical Resonator, Massimo Brambilla , Tommaso Maggipinto , Giuseppe Patera ,
Lorenzo Columbo , 04/11/12, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 203901
- Robustness of the Noise-Induced Phase Synchronization in a General Class of
Limit Cycle Oscillators, Jun-nosuke Teramae , Dan Tanaka , 04/11/12, Phys.
Rev. Lett. 93, 204103
_________________________________________________________________
20.02. Webcast Announcements
ALife 9: Ninth International Conference on Artificial Life, Boston, MA,
04/09/12-15
The 4th Intl Workshop on Meta-synthesis and Complex System, Beijing, China,
04/07/22-23
Intl Conf on Complex Networks: Structure, Function and Processes, Kolkata,
India, 04/06/27-30
From Autopoiesis to Neurophenomenology: A Tribute to Francisco Varela
(1946-2001), Paris, France, 2004/06/18-20
ECC8 Experimental Chaos Conference, Florence, Italy,
04/06/14-17
Evolutionary Epistemology, Language, and Culture, Brussels, Belgium,
04/05/26-28
International Conference on Complex Systems 2004, Boston, 04/05/16-21
Life, a Nobel Story, Brussels, Belgium, 04/04/28
Nonlinear Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics Days, Brussels, Belgium,
04/04/26-27
Science Education Forum for Chinese Language Culture, Panel Discussion, Taipei,
Taiwan, 04/05/01
Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology, ,
Lausanne,Switzerland, 04/01/29-30
Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos: Lab Demonstrations, Strogatz, Steven H.,
Internet-First University Press, 1994
World Economic Forum 2004, Davos, Switzerland Riding the Next
Democratic
Wave, Al-Thani, Khan, Vike-Freiberga, Wade, Soros, Zakaria, World Economic
Forum, 04/01/25
The Future of Global Interdependence, Kharrazi, Held, Owens, Shourie,
Annan,
Martin, Schwab, World Economic Forum, 04/01/25 Why Victory Against
Terrorism
Demands Shared Values
CODIS 2004, International Conference On Communications, Devices And
Intelligent Systems, 2004 Calcutta, India, 04/01/09-10 EVOLVABILITY &
INTERACTION: Evolutionary Substrates of Communication, Signaling, and
Perception in the Dynamics of Social Complexity, London, UK, 03/10/08-10 The
Semantic Web and Language Technology - Its Po tential and Practicalities,
Bucharest, Romania, 03/07/28-08/08 ECAL 2003, 7th European Conference on
Artificial Life, Dortmund, Germany, 03/09/14-17 New Santa Fe Institute
President About His Vision for SFI's Future Role, (Video, Santa Fe, NM,
03/06/04) SPIE's 1st Intl Symp on Fluctuations and Noise, Santa Fe, NM,
2003/06/01-04 NAS Sackler Colloquium on Mapping Knowledge Domains, Video/Audio
Report, 03/05/11 13th Ann Intl Conf, Soc f Chaos Theory in Psych & Life
Sciences, Boston, MA, USA, 2003/08/08-10 CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos
of Archived Lectures and Live Events Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video
Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998 Edge Videos
_________________________________________________________________
20.03. Conference & Call for Papers Announcements
Complexity and Philosophy Workshop - 2-Day Conference , Rio
de Janeiro,
04/11
5th International EMBL PhD Students Symposium, , Heidelberg, Germany,
04/12/02-04
An Introduction to Complexity Science, Rockville,?MD USA, 04/12/06
Improving Health of the Chronically Ill: Insights from Complexity Science,
Rockville,?MD USA, 04/12/07-08
The 7th Asia-Pacific Complex Systems Conference, Queensland,
Australia,
04/12/06-10
17th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
Queensland,
Australia, 04/12/06-10
Cellular Computing Symposium, U Warwick
(UK), 04/12/09-10
International Conference On Computational Intelligence (Icci 2004) ,
Istanbul, Turkey, 04/12/15-17
Kondratieff Waves, Warfare And World Security, NATO Advanced Research
Workshop
, Covilh? Portugal, 05/02/14-17
2005 Meeting Arbeitskreis
Physik sozio-ökonomischer Systeme, AKSOE (Socio-Economic-Physics), Physik
seit
Einstein,
Berlin, Germany, 05/03/04-09
2005 World Exposition "
Nature's Wisdom, Aichi, Japan, 05/03/25-09/25
FINCO 2005: Foundations Of Interactive Computation,
Edinburgh, Scotland,
05/04/09
5th Creativity And Cognition Conference, London.UK, 05/04/12-15
Social Intelligence and Interaction in Animals, Robots and Agents, Hatfield,
UK, 05/04/12-15
2005 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show
Nanotech 2005, Anaheim, California, U.S.A., 05/05/08-12
2ndShanghai Intl Symposium on Nonlinear Science and Applications,
Shanghai,
05/06/03-07
IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium
Pasadena, California, USA, 05/06/08-10
Powders & Grains 2005, Stuttgart, Germany, 05/06/18-22
6th Intl Conf Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics, Kiev,
Ukraine,
05/06/20-26
Workshop on Complexity and Policy Analysis, Cork, Ireland, 05/06/22-24
2005 Genetic And Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2005), Washington,
DC, USA, 05/06/25-29
5th Gathering on?Biosemiotics, Urbino, Italy, 05/07/22-24
ECAL 2005 - VIIIth European Conference on Artificial Life, Canterbury,
Kent,
UK, 05/09/05-09
Complexity, Science and Society Conf 2005, Liverpool, UK, 05/09/11-14
18th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF 2005), Salamanca,
Spain, 05/09/19-23
_________________________________________________________________
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复杂性文摘NO：2004.41